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Pharmacology: Insulin Glargine is a human Insulin analogue designed to have a low solubility at neutral pH. It is completely soluble at the acidic pH of the Insulin Glargine injection solution (pH 4). After the injection into the subcutaneous tissue, the acidic solution is neutralized leading to formation of microprecipitates from which small amounts of Insulin glargine are continuously released, providing a smooth, peakless, predictable concentration/time profile with a prolonged duration of action.
Insulin receptor binding: Insulin Glargine is very similar to human Insulin with respect to Insulin receptor binding kinetics. It can, therefore, be considered to mediate the same type of effect via the Insulin receptor as Insulin.
The primary activity of Insulin, including Insulin Glargine, is regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin and its analogues lower blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Insulin inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis, and enhances protein synthesis. In clinical pharmacology studies, intravenous Insulin Glargine and human Insulin have been shown to be equipotent when given at the same doses. As with all Insulins, the time course of action of Insulin Glargine may be effected by physical activity and other variables.
